The Mental Illness Of Dr. Benjamin Rush - 1997 Words

Over time, the facilities deteriorated and focused on keeping the mentally ill locked away from the rest of society rather than helping them get better. An example of this is one of the first hospitals made in 1773, in Williamsburg, Virginia. Many would think the doctors in these facilities would genuinely care about their patients, but most did not. They actually wanted to condition the patients to be afraid of them. In hopes that the fear would put them into place and cure their illnesses. Most doctors actually had no idea on how to treat patients and would often perform treatments based on their own theories on what causes mental illness. The patients were practically human experiments, which many didn’t agree to be but were†¦show more content†¦The patients in these private institutions were pampered and the staff made sure they were treated individually. Studies show that when patients were given food one by one instead of getting it from one big tray, they felt like they were â€Å"being particularly looked out for†. The patients need to be happy in order to receive the results they need. There were also differences in care concerning women and men. In public hospitals, there was an even gender ratio. Although, that doesn’t mean equal treatment. While, the asylums in New England cared for more women than men. At Stockton State Hospital, five women were given a clitoridectomy because people believed they were acting unladylike and required a surgery. Sadly, this procedure still happens in many other countries around the world but not in America. Some people strongly believed that women should not have any sort of â€Å"mental illness†, and would go to extremes to â€Å"fix† them. These social views of gender in the 1900’s harmed female patients and some were given unnecessary procedures, they were â€Å"preferentially sterilized and lobotomized†. Another example of a mental illness was homosexuality , it was on the DSM until the early 1970’s. Nowadays, homosexuality is seen in a more normal light and more accepted by society. Now as for children who were mentally ill, they were not given harsh treatments as the adults were. They would do sand tray treatment and in school psychological clinics were made toShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of The American Psychiatry Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pages Cultural Activity When doing research I found that Benjamin Rush was the father of the American Psychiatry from 1745 to 1813. Rush claimed that â€Å"the cause of madness is seated primarily in the blood vessels of the brain† and that mental derangement occurs because the brain is â€Å"overcharged† with blood. Also, I researched that Rush had a â€Å"Negritude†. In 1797, Rush declared that blacks suffered from a disease called negritude. This he claimed derived from leprosy and caused the skin to be dark andRead MoreBenjamin Rush : The Father Of The American Psychiatry Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesWhen doing research I found that Benjamin Rush was the father of the American Psychiatry from 1745 to 1813. Rush claimed that â€Å"the cause of madness is seated primarily in the blood vessels of the brain† and that mental derangement occurs because the brain is â€Å"overcharged† with blood. Also, I researched that Rush had a â€Å"Negritude†. In 1797, Rush de clared that blacks suffered from a disease called negritude. This he claimed derived from leprosy and caused the skin to be dark and that segregation wouldRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Addiction On The Body Essay1987 Words   |  8 Pagess brain functions to affect behavior, emotions, and mental activity. Drug abuse and addiction originate from the short-term benefits that drug use has on the human body, leading to pleasurable experiences that often lead to individuals repeatedly using the drug until their drug use transforms into drug abuse. Each person tends to respond differently to each drug, but most drugs, psychotropic or otherwise, tend to induce desirable social, mental, or physical benefits for the extent that the drugRead MoreThe Substance Abuse Social Worker1052 Words   |  5 Pagesmutual aid societies were being formed. These sobriety â€Å"Circles† evolved into abstinence-based and temperance movements. In 1784, Dr. Benjamin Rush argued that the condition of chronic drunkenness was a disease that should be treated by physicians. Dr. Magnus Huss introduced the term alcoholism in 1849 and also labeled chronic alcohol consumption a disease (White W. M., 1998). Dr. Leslie Keeley opened the first franchised, private, for-profit addiction treatment institutes in the U nited States. He openedRead MoreAlcoholism : Is It A Disease?1564 Words   |  7 Pagesit this way, you don’t â€Å"catch† alcoholism, but it can however, be passed down. If a woman drinks during pregnancy, she places her child at risk of being born with fetal alcohol syndrome. This includes a wide spectrum of problems, both physical and mental. A a fetus exposed to alcohol can be born with physical abnormalities including deformed joints, heart defects, and kidney problems. Mentally, the alcohol also affects the brain, possibly resulting in poor social skills, poor coordination, and impulseRead MorePsychotherapy And Pharmaceutical Treatments Are Far More1938 Words   |  8 PagesPsychotherapy and pharmaceutical treatments are far more humane than past methods for treating mental illnesses. One scene in Shutter Island where these advancements can be seen is a conversation early in the film, between Teddy and Dr. Cawley. The doctor is still familiarizing Teddy with th e facility, and he explains how patients were treated in the past versus the new psychotherapy treatment performed on the island. He begins by explaining that in the past it â€Å"used to be the kind of patients weRead MoreI Want For Free Myself From This Disease1552 Words   |  7 PagesAlcoholism is the consumption of liquor that mentally increases the human dependence for alcohol. For those with alcoholism, the only thing they can rely on is alcohol. Problematically, it could be whisky, scotch or a quart of beer. Living with the illness of alcoholism is a calamity, which can only be understood by interpreting how common the problem occurs, how it is treated to better oneself and how often treatment can fail. Continuous alcohol addiction has been an issue for centuries. Thomas FRead MoreJake Fuller. 05-16-2017. Hec 357. Music Therapy How It1621 Words   |  7 PagesEmotion- A pattern of changes, including physiological arousal, feelings, cognitive processes, and behavioral reactions, made in response to a situation perceived to be personally significant (). Therapy- Therapeutic treatment especially of bodily, mental, or behavioral disorder (Merrian Webster, 2017). Assumptions An assumption would be that music therapy helps stabilize your mood and soothe an individual. Another assumption would be that music therapy can help battle with depression and anxietyRead MoreLiberia’s Mental Health Care: a Crucial Need for Improvement2740 Words   |  11 PagesLiberia’s Mental Health Care: A Crucial Need for Improvement By Ernest S. Maximore INTRODUCTON Liberia, a country with 3.5 million population has only one mental specialist, Dr. Benjamin Harris and one psychiatrist hospital, E.S. Grant Hospital, which is not even a public hospital. It is practically nonexistent because of little or no support: wreck facility, lack of more psychiatrists and outpatient service dysfunctional. This is a gross disproportion to the increasing mental healthRead MoreDepression And Its Effects On Depression1687 Words   |  7 Pagesadults in the United States struggles with depression, and antidepressant medications are a common way to treat the condition. â€Å"We use antidepressants too easily for too long, and that they are effective for a few people, if at all†. Glasgow physician Dr. Despence. â€Å"Why many doctors fail to cure depression and what you can do about it 1†). Antidepressants have side effects and some people prefer not to receive or may not have access to psychological therapies. However pills aren’t the only so lution

The Effect Of Time Management On College Students Essay

I. Introduction The central research problem being analyzed in this proposal is the relationship between time management and stress in college. Time management can have several positive influence on our overall well-being both professional life and college life. However, Poor time management actions such as not being able to find time to study or last minute preparation is a source of stress and poor academic performance. In this proposal, we will look at how time management can have a huge impact on our academic career. The methods that can be used to examine how time management has an impact on college students’ academic success are samples of both male and female students from different majors. Succeeding in college is very important as it decides our future so therefore this research between being able to manage time properly in college and stress is essential for all of us. It is important to understand how time management can have a negative effect on students and how to find ways to manage time well to succeed in college. II. Background and Significance As stated in the introduction the research problem has to do with finding how time management affects our college life. Being able manage time is essential for the overall success in college and life in general. The purpose of this study is if we are able to manage time properly, we will not be stress which is very important. In trying to read all the books and chapters assigned, being able to meet deadlines and alsoShow MoreRelatedMisconceptions Pertaining College Students Who Obtain a Job1609 Words   |  7 Pagesreview will focus on the scope of college student’s whom have a job while going to school full time versus college students who do not have a job and the effects on their academic success. It will identify the contributing factors dealing with Seton Hall University student’s academics. In addition this literature review will identify the possible solutions dealing with academic success based on research pertaining to college student’s positive outcome s. The time period that will be covered by thisRead MoreNegative Effects Of College Students716 Words   |  3 PagesWhen a student starts college the only thing that are to mind are the new adventures and new people that will be met on the journey. Being drawn to the new environment, the student can experience certain amounts of levels of stress that blocks the student’s ability to socialize and to reach their academic goals. Physical health plays a big role in college; along with finances and time management. According to an article found on SpringerLink, â€Å"College students confront many challenges in pursuitRead MoreEssay on Effects of Binge Drinking on College Academics1746 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol use among college students has always been a popular subject among teachers, parents, researchers, and even students. The actual act of drinking alcohol is not necessarily the problem, whether legal or not. The main problem is the act of binge drinking of college s tudents, of age or not. Drinking modest amounts of alcohol may have some consequences, but binge drinking has more negative consequences than normal modest drinking. There are many examples as to the consequences that bingeRead More Academic Time Management Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesAcademic Time Management With every new experience come challenges, and anxieties that can be overwhelming if they are not handled and dealt with in a reasonable way. Beginning college is certainly no exception. Stress takes many forms, most notably in the academic sense, as exams, papers, and various projects and assignments. 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The increase in complexity means additional administrative manpower, workloads, and management information and data processing systemRead MoreEssay about Determining Causes and Effects of Stress on College Students1400 Words   |  6 PagesMy research on the major causes and effects of stress on college students is compiled at the request of The President of Strayer University. The purpose of presenting this research paper to senior administration is to help students have a more constructive college experience. Students starting their college careers consist of major adjustments to the daily routine; sleep patterns and eating habits, time-management skills, and stress levels are different in one way or another. The American InstituteRead MoreA) What Are the Most Important Factors That Determine the Learning Experience of School/College Students in Your Subject?1200 Words   |  5 Pagesof school/college students in your subject? You should analyse both relevant literature and your school/college observations in compiling your response. There are many important factors that determine the learning experience of the students I have observed, each one with there own degree of effectiveness. Some of these factors include cognitive and conative learning, the material being studied, motivation, classroom management, student to teacher ratio, class discipline, time management, environmentRead MoreTechnology And Technology Essay1012 Words   |  5 PagesStates, students would have their eyes glued to their phone screens. In class, walking around campus, or in the library millennials are always on their phones and it is affecting their time management skills as students attending college in the digital age. A recent study done at a university in Taiwan found that college students cell phone addictions can be linked to school related stress and significant time management issues. During the study researchers tracked how students spent their time and howRead MoreCauses and Effects of Stress in the Life of a College Student1667 Words   |  7 PagesCauses and Effects of Stress in the Life of a College Student If one were to ask an adult about their college experience it is likely than the majority will say it was the best time of their life. They had fun, enjoyed the full college experience, etc. If you ask students currently in college to describe their experience, it may still be the best time of their life but it will likely also be described as stressful and filled with a variety of pressures. The average college student will likely changeRead More20 Hours of Work Should Suffice The College Student853 Words   |  3 PagesBeing a college student is a difficult, however, being a working college student is even more of a challenge. In their attempts to manage school, work and social life, students often find that something suffers- oftentimes it is the academic portion of their life that takes the hit. Over the years, the number of college students who are working while studying has been constantly escalating. Recent studies have shown that not only do 80% of undergraduates work while in school, but they are also working

Disease Prevention and Management Health Services

Question: Discuss about the Disease Prevention and Management Health Services. Answer: Introduction: Gold Coast is a highly developed city with highest biodiversity in Australia. Its 50% land area is used in vegetation. It is famous for Gondwana rainforests and Coastal wetlands of the Southern Bay (Dredge Jamal, 2013). Gold Coast has broad range of precious and unique wildlife habitats and natural landscapes from the surrounding area of wetlands and coasts. Due to various reasons, local ecological unit face tremendous pressure due to economic, climate and social development. One of such major issues could arise due to extensive influx of international and local athletes, spectators, support staff, tourists that in turn would increase major public health issues, especially in the context of infectious disease. In response to this, respective authoritative bodies and public health advisors of Gold Coast are collaboratively working in order to protect the wildlife, landscapes and recognize the significance of healthy natural surroundings in structuring a sustainable and strong future. The city maintains quality of life of its residents by majorly focusing on the environment. The health officers coordinate, plan and incorporate strategies to reduce negative impacts associated with health and environment within the city that further protects businesses, visitors and residents ("Environmental health services", 2016). Assessments of food outlet, restaurants, local hotels, public swimming pools, entertainment and event parks are carried out by the health officers to understand probable risks related to public health. Outlining infrastructure associated with infection control and management The health care setup in Gold Coast delivers a wide range of secondary and tertiary health services across the public hospitals, different health sectors including community health centers. Primary health services include oral health care for the children and the adults and child health care. Disease prevention is one of the major missions of this city. The management of individual operational division is accountable for risk management in the respective areas. The quality and safety coordinators support the management in recognizing, documenting and eliminating risks (Zingg et al., 2015). Some major disease outbreak or high rated risks are escalated to the higher-ups. The health associated risk management structure comprises plans, which would enable to recognize ways to manage health of the residents, document and monitor risks, contain procedures for rising risk reports. The framework also includes health planning that is part of operational and strategic activities, which also in clude various health facilities, maintenance of risk register, which is used to report, monitor various health related risks. Also, a reviewing and monitoring process that takes care of governance systems and risk control. Infectious diseases contribute majorly to morbidity and mortality within the community and thereby, a major public health priority. A proper infrastructure of infection control and management should include timely detection, investigation, surveillance and control within the community. Control of communicable diseases should emphasis on prevention of disease spread from one person to another, from animals to individuals and insects to people. The response and monitoring of communicable diseases include contact tracing, case management and preventive strategies by adhering to the Public Health Act (2005), Queensland Health. Expert advice should be provided on communicable disease control and work in association with health professionals, clinicians, industry, community and governments (Render et al., 2011). New developments in plan should be implemented along with the key players in order to control and prevent infectious diseases within the health care setup. Major diseases of concern and relevant etiology and epidemiology The major diseases of concern are tuberculosis, mosquito-borne disease, influenza, Legionella and so on. The causative agent of Tuberculosis (TB) is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria spread when an affected individual sneezes or coughs and another healthy individual inhale the expelled droplets that contain the germ. The bacterial infection proceeds step by step that includes inhalation bacterial multiplication, T-cell activation, and formation of tubercle, break-down and cavitation of tubercle. Once inhaled, the immune system responds by engulfing bacteria, forming tubercle, which contains bacteria that enable spreading. In majority of the situations, bacteria die but these can survive and become dormant, in which cases infected individuals develop active diseases at later stage, may be after a previous infection or sometimes later. Approximately 1/3rd of the worlds population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As per the 2013 annual report, Australias majority of t he population demonstrated TB with an occurrence rate of almost 20 per 100,000. The rate fluctuated among the indigenous population since last decade. Nevertheless, the rate remained practically steady in 2013 with an occurrence rate of 5-6 per 100,000 (Contreras Rodrguez, 2011). Dengue fever is viral disease, spread by Aedesaegypti. North Queensland towns have Aedesaegypti, which are inclined to dengue outbreak while the virus is introduced by the travelers. Though Queensland has dengue mosquitoes, no dengue outbreak has been recorded in the present years. Dengue indications include extreme tiredness, sudden fever onset, intense headache, joint and muscle pain, appetite loss, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting. Red rashes are visible throughout the legs and arms. More than 8000 cases of mosquito-borne disease have been recorded that include alphaviruses, flaviviruses and malaria. Presently, almost 40% population in the world live in the areas where chance of dengue transmission is higher. The World Health Organization (WHO) demonstrated that almost 50-100 million incidences happen annually that comprise 22,000 deaths majorly among the children (Murray, Quam, Wilder-Smith, 2013). Influenza stems from infection with A, B and C type flu viruses. Type A is most common and cause most serious illness. Type B is related with mild form of disease, common in children population and Type C is rare. Aquatic birds are primary reservoir for the influenza viruses. The viruses replicate differently within the birds intestinal tract. Influenza indications include sore throat, high fever, runny nose, coughing, headache, and so on. According to the Australian surveillance report, influenza occurred in the month of September, during 34th and 35th week. Aged adults, who are more than 75years old are affected majorly with Influenza. Infection is prevalent among the aged population, which indicates lack of immunity probably due to age related factors (Paul Glezen et al., 2013). Legionella is a pathogen that includes L. pneumophilia and causes legionellosis, which is a type of pneumonia and demonstrates mild flu, known as Pontiac fever. Legionella survives in amoebae like Naegleria spp., Vermamoeba vermiformis, which upon inhalation infect alveolar macrophages, destabilize the host cell mechanism and favor bacterial replication. This gives rise to Legionnaries disease. The transmission takes place via air, in which case respiratory droplets contain bacteria. Inside the host system, incubation may take two weeks. Advanced stages of Legionnaries disease demonstrate problems with nervous system and gastrointestinal tract that leads to nausea and diarrhea. There are presently 45 known species have been identified, out of which almost 5 have been reported in Australia causing legionellosis (L. pneumophila, L. micdadei, L. longbeachae and so on). L. pneumophila has been recognized as one of the major cause of more than 80% death in Victoria (Phin et al., 2014). Ep idemic and sporadic forms of Legionnaries disease arise in Australia and the infections are thought to be responsible for almost 5-15% of community-acquired pneumonias. Outbreaks are associated with water systems and spa baths. Health services capacity and critical control points Health service capacity are the clinics, emergency services, ambulances and hospitals present within a city. Considering the outbreak of communicable diseases like influenza, whooping cough, the Gold Coast health established efficient influenza management practices, necessary for protecting patients in care facilities. A podcast has been designed that provides helpful messages for influenza management and also management of the service providers and users. This not only informs about prevention measures or management, but also informs about precautionary measures for upcoming season (Skinner, Warrillow, Denehy, 2011). Ambulance response services include emergency responses to the patients with sudden injury and illness, provide care to the pre-hospitalized patients, arrange for special transport services and coordinate with aero-medical services and so on. Critical control points are the factors within the system, where issues are more likely to take place regarding monitoring and measurements. For instance, proper documentation of contagious disease outbreak could be a critical control point in this regard. Also, monitoring of safe care practice to avoid transmission of infection could be another critical control point. Role of transport access in affecting risk Transport access plays an important role in obtaining quality care from the health care system and the service providers. The Gold Coast city is well equipped with transport facilities that enable the residents to reach to the respective health clinics to obtain adequate resources. The city works in association with Translink that offers various transport options to the common people, which include scheduled tram, train, bus, complementary and community transport services ("City of Gold Coast | Public transport", 2016). Council cab service is one of the major examples of community transport that help the older individuals and disable people to travel to local shopping centers. This shows that the city has a well-structured plan for the wellbeing of the senior citizens. References City of Gold Coast | Environmental health services. (2016).Goldcoast.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 27 November 2016, from https://www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/community/council-environment-health-services-3594.html City of Gold Coast | Public transport. (2016).Goldcoast.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 27 November 2016, from https://www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/thegoldcoast/community-public-transport-12209.html Contreras, G. Rodrguez, J. (2011). Mastitis: Comparative Etiology and Epidemiology.Journal Of Mammary Gland Biology And Neoplasia,16(4), 339-356. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10911-011-9234-0 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21947764) Dredge, D. Jamal, T. (2013). Mobilities on the Gold Coast, Australia: implications for destination governance and sustainable tourism.Journal Of Sustainable Tourism,21(4), 557-579. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.776064 (https://epubs.scu.edu.au/tourism_pubs/968/) Paul Glezen, W., Schmier, J., Kuehn, C., Ryan, K., Oxford, J. (2013). The Burden of Influenza B: A Structured Literature Review.American Journal Of Public Health,103(3), e43-e51. https://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2012.301137 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3753061/) Phin, N., Parry-Ford, F., Harrison, T., Stagg, H., Zhang, N., Kumar, K. et al. (2014). Epidemiology and clinical management of Legionnaires' disease.The Lancet Infectious Diseases,14(10), 1011-1021. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70713-3 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23327249) Render, M., Freyberg, R., Hasselbeck, R., Hofer, T., Sales, A., Deddens, J. et al. (2011). Infrastructure for quality transformation: measurement and reporting in veterans administration intensive care units.BMJ Quality Safety,20(6), 498-507. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs.2009.037218 (https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(14)70713-3/abstract) Skinner, E., Warrillow, S., Denehy, L. (2011). Health-related quality of life in Australian survivors of critical illness*.Critical Care Medicine,39(8), 1896-1905. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e31821b8421 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21345859) Wilder-Smith, A., Murray, Quam, M. (2013). Epidemiology of dengue: past, present and future prospects.Clinical Epidemiology, 299. https://dx.doi.org/10.2147/clep.s34440 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21532478) Zingg, W., Holmes, A., Dettenkofer, M., Goetting, T., Secci, F., Clack, L. et al. (2015). Hospital organisation, management, and structure for prevention of health-care-associated infection: a systematic review and expert consensus.The Lancet Infectious Diseases,15(2), 212-224. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70854-0 (https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(14)70854-0/abstract?rss=yes)

Discussion on Human Resource Management-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management. Answer: Introduction: The objective of this review is to cover the theoretical and analytical aspects of human resource management in projects. The uncertainty and dynamics in HR of the present organizations have been moving tremendously towards the radical dimension. This raises the interests to review the topic. Ten academic sources are 5 non-academic sources are retrieved from online to make a clear understanding of the topic. The study critically assesses those materials by providing logical sequences. It has identified the controversies, themes and trends. The strengths and weakness are also found. The main implications of the findings are addressed. The gaps in knowledge are also discussed. The research is done using patterns like tables highlighting the primary information. Discussion on human resource management: Identification of themes Themes Descriptions The social HR and crowd sourcing coming into their own According to Anderson (2013), after a couple of years on cutting edge, the crowd-sourcing is moving in mainstream. The popular organizations have been aware of the advantages of business ideas of crowd sourcing, performance reviews and leveraging the social media for achieving business aims. Occurrence of true culture management The rise of big data has been helping in controlling and monitoring culture on various layers of organizations. By the system consolidations and gathering and repurposing insights of data over attitudes and behaviors, the HR has been managing and quantifying culture (Shrm.org, 2017). Centralization and consolidation in cloud They have been noting for the organizations. However Armstrong and Taylor (2014) argue that this has been a rising trend with the acquisitions, partnerships and mergers helping in leveraging potentiality over the organizational level. Various HRs have been adopting centralized flexible SaaS cloud-based solutions. The HRs has been going for systems to share, partner and integrate information with each others. Security of mobility Flexible time and work have been a theme that is on rise. The employees have been performing through mobile devices from distant locations. As more organizations have been adopting the policy of bring-your-device and relying upon mobile communications, the confidentiality, security and communication has been the topmost priority (Storey 2014). Uncertainties and big changes in the healthcare coverage Chua et al. researched that, various organizations have been unsure regarding the handing of upcoming changes. The health care has been a hot button theme for the employees and the employee-alike. This has been expected to be turn critical. In several cases it could be utilized as the competitive differentiator for the recruitment. Identification of trends Trends Descriptions Globalization and its influences The employees should possess the knowledge of working regarding the culture and languages in terms of laws, customs, morals and values of the country hosting. Work-Force diversity: As said by Hoch and Dulebohn (2013), the HRM should train people of various age groups, sexes and ethnic backgrounds for managing and dealing under diversified workplace. Changing the requirements of skills The practitioners of HRM ought to communicate about this with the community leaders and educators. The strategic HR planning would lead to weigh the shortages and deficiencies of skills. They need to devise proper training and short term programs for bridging deficiencies and skill gaps (Resources, 2017). Corporate downsizing The HRM should assure appropriate communication during this time. They should minimize the negative influences of rumors. They must ensure that the people have been informed regarding the factual data. They should also deal with the real layoff (Bna.com, 2017) Programs for continuous improvement The HR should prepare people to adopt changes. This needs extensive and extensive communications. This must deal with the occurrence of changes, expectations and effect over employees. The work-process for re-engineering As per as the study done by Kerzner (2013), the HRM should have methods for the employees in getting proper directions regarding what to perform and what to desire. The assistance to deal with conflict permeating the organization is also considered. To generate the benefits of this, the HRM requires offering training of skills to their employees. Contingent workforce As this strategic decision is made the HRM should be the active partner in the discussions. As the temporary workers are brought into scenario HRM must have the responsibility to quickly adapt those people into the organization. The HRM also needs to provide some thought regarding its attraction in the quality temporaries (Workforce Magazine, 2017) Mass Customization The HR needs to take the marketing tools across the customization for customers and the clients. Then it must be applied to the task of segmentation of talents. This has been the key for optimizing. At one side, the dealing of personal employment for individuals has been chaotic for the clients and consumers. On the other hand the defining of politically correctness of same for everybody has been risking the vital advantages of customization missing. Decentralized worksites For the HRM, the decentralized sites of work have been a challenge. Most of the challenges has been revolving across the training managers in establishing and ensuring proper work quality and completion on-time (Tyson 2014). The working from home has been also requiring the HRM to think again about its policy of compensation. Identification of controversies Controversies Descriptions Flexible Work Options Whether that might be work from home, telecommunicating, remote locations and flexi-hours, the HR professionals have been struggling with the concept of flexible work options. It has been the assimilation of getting the policies appropriate and trusting of people to finish jobs without being present in office while the set hour is on (Huffingtonpost.com, 2017). The death of performance appraisal According to Marchington et al. (2016) this has been more like the business as usual period of the year. There have been the people, forms and processes. The HR need to know the conversations they have been having unless the alterations are made. In order to make a long process of a year initially needs documentation of the conversions that need dedicated change agent. Dividing of the HR HR professionals have been becoming too much focused internally and have been unable to make sense of the bigger scenario of the business. For overcoming this Schwalbe (2015) believes that the HR must be divided. One section must deal with the administration and others for organization and leadership. However according to Popaitoon and Siengthai (2014), it has not been a holistic decision. The HRs requires looking at the analytics, competencies, organization design results and outcomes. Strengths and weaknesses of this study: The main strength of this study is the dealing with HR functionalities and strategies. The review refers to the long term goals. This includes the top-tier workforce or turning into the employer of choice. It involves the operational side of the HR, like conducting of open enrollment sessions to select latest health insurance coverage. The study talks about the internal strength of the HR that comprises of the executive leadership supporting and promoting development of HR strategic. The study also takes in considerations of the expertise and staff knowledge of the HR. However, the major weakness of the study is that it does not pose challenges to the HR endeavoring success. It does not talk about the budget constraints and cuts that the HT often needs to deal. It also does not cover the dependency of the HR on sound justification for funding investments on HR activities. Moreover, the study have not discussed about the high turnover and low employee morale that could disrupt the HR. Major implications of the outcomes: This would help in finding the kind and number of employees needed, recruiting, selecting and placing the employees. This would help in delivering performance appraisals and training to the staffs to improve the career and performance growth. The study helps to motivate employees though delivering incentives that are financial and non-financial. The employees are needed to be ensured with social grievances and their grievances are to be handled. The enterprises are needed to be defended from the legal complications. Amicable relationships are to be established between the management and union. Gaps in the knowledge: The efficient strategies of HRM are unable to survive in the vacuum. To become efficient they should be aligned with the strategic vision of the company (Snyder 2014). The vision must deliver the indication of where the organization has been heading. The resources of the people have been required to get to there. The HR leaders must review the present perspective to examine the ways by which the activities of HR could support the vision. The HR leaders must determine the demographics of workforce for examining where the gaps has been between the present skills. This also includes the necessities for the experience and skills that might appear further in alignment with strategies and visions of the company. The strategy of HR must be kept focused on filling up of those gaps by strategic training, retention, recruitment efforts. Conclusion: The primary strength of this review has been the dealing with HR functionalities and strategies. The review refers to the long term goals, the top-tier workforce or turning into the employer of choice. It also includes the operational side of the HR, like conducting of open enrollment sessions to select latest health insurance coverage. Regarding the gaps in the knowledge the efficient strategies of HRM are unable to survive in the vacuum. To become efficient they should be aligned with the strategic vision of the company. The strategy of HR must be kept focused on filling up of those gaps by strategic training, retention, recruitment efforts. The study would help to motivate employees though delivering incentives that are financial and non-financial. This would help in finding the kind and number of employees needed, recruiting, selecting and placing the employees. The human resource is more like the natural resources. They are to be searched for. They are not found easily anywhere. Circumstances are needed to be created where they display themselves. References: Anderson, V., 2013.Research methods in human resource management: investigating a business issue. Kogan Page Publishers. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bna.com. (2017).Insight Center. [online] Available at: https://www.bna.com/news/#!topic=hrtype=newspage=1 [Accessed 17 Jun. 2017]. Chua, C.K.L., Chan, M.J.J., Ho, C.B.D. and Tan, K.K.W., 2014. Project Management (Human Resource) and Value Stream Mapping (End to End Recruitment). Hoch, J.E. and Dulebohn, J.H., 2013. 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